Sethusamudram project - Center Going Ahead

The UPA government has rejected the RK Pachauri Committee report that had found the entire Sethusamudram project unviable on two fronts – economically as ecologically. The Pachauri Committee had submitted its report to the Supreme Court on its direction.

In response to the committee report, the government made it clear on friday (22 Mar 2013) that it intended to pursue the project cutting through the Adam’s Bridge, popularly known as Ram Setu. “Government does not accept the conclusions and recommendations of the Pachauri Committee. Given the advantages of the project, the Government of India intends to pursue the implementation of the project,” read the government affidavit, requesting SC to resolve the ‘contentious issues’ raised before it.

BJP chief spokesperson Ravi Shankar Prasad said, “The government’s affidavit is not the last word. The Ram Sethu is not a simple architectural symbol. It has the cult status of a deity.”

A bunch of petitions opposing the project are pending before SC since 2007 for adjudication. Work on the Sethusamudram project stopped after SC ordered a stay against the dredging work. It had then constituted the Pachauri committee to study an alternative route. The committee, however, called for scrapping the project.

Environmentalists, too, are up in arms against the project, arguing that it will destroy the ecology of the area.

The Pachauri committee was formed in 2008 to honour observations in this regard by then Chief Justice K. G. Balakrishnan in midst of a controversy over the government ignoring environmental concerns and religious sentiments.

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FDI in India - Advantages and Disadvantages

Overview

First of all, FDI means Foreign Direct Investment which is mainly dealings with monetary matters and using this way they acquires standalone position in the Indian economy. Their policy is very simple to remove rivals. In beginning days they sell products at low price so other competitor shut down in few months. And then companies like Wall-Mart will increase prices than actual product price.

They are focusing on national and international economic concerns. There are four main working pillars of FDI. They are financial collaborations, technical collaborations and joint ventures, capital markets via Euro issues, and private placements or preferential allotments.

There are two types of FDI, one is inward FDI and second is outward FDI. Ongoing news suggests that largest retailer Wal-Mart has demanded for 51% of international dealings in FDI in Indian markets which had called nationwide strike. From positive and negative aspects FDI has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

• Increase economic growth by dealing with different international products
• 1 million (1 Crore) employment will create in three years - UPA Government
• Billion dollars will be invested in Indian market
• Spread import and export business in different countries
• Agriculture related people will get good price of their goods

Disadvantages

• Will affect 50 million merchants in India
• Profit distribution, investment ratios are not fixed
• An economically backward class person suffers from price raise
• Retailer faces loss in business
• Market places are situated too far which increases traveling expenses
• Workers safety and policies are not mentioned clearly
• Inflation may be increased
• Again India become slaves because of FDI in retail sector

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Akbaruddin Owaisi's Controversial Speech at Nirmal. Adilabad

On December 24 2012, Owaisi addressed a rally of twenty to twenty-five thousand Muslims in the Nirmal town of Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh. In his two-hour long speech, Owaisi made several inflammatory, disparaging and derogatory comments against Hindus, Hindu deities, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Vishva Hindu Parishad, Bharatiya Janata Party, Narendra Modi, India, and United States of America.

His speech resembles the speeches made by many terrorist organisation's leaders like Maulana Massod Azhar etc. In countries like Pakistan terrorists can directly address people of the country publicly who are also terrorists almost. But here how can this terrorist, so called Indian MLA make such a contraversial speech...?

Inflammatory comments in his speech:

1. Owaisi made several derogatory comments against Hindu deity Rama and his mother Kaushalya. Questioning the birth and the birthplace of Rama, Owaisi asked "where all did Kaushalya go to give birth to Rama and where all did Rama take birth". Owaisi also mocked Hindu panentheism saying Hindus have many gods and goddesses, and every eight days, new gods keep coming up. In a reference to the Bhagyalakshmi temple, he said, "We knew about Lakshmi, but who is Bhagyalakshmi, we are not aware." We can wash away the Bhagya lakshmi temple with the our spit...

2. Owaisi repeatedly called Ajmal Amir Kasab, one of the Pakistani militants of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, a "child", and compared him to Narendra Modi. He asked if Kasab was hanged then why is Modi not hanged, and said that the reason was only because Kasab was a Pakistani and Modi is Indian. He said that if the Muslims of India united like the Muslims of Andhra Pradesh, Narendra Modi would soon be hanged. Owaisi threatened that if his words were not heard, "O India, destruction and ruin will be your fate". He also dared Narendra Modi to come to Hyderabad, threatening by saying "we will show him then". Owaisi justified the Mumbai bombings of 1993 by saying they were a reaction to the demotion of Babri Masjid. He also questioned the punishment handed out to the accused of the bombings, naming Tiger Memon as one of those punished even though Tiger Memon is still at large. 

3. Owaisi made the statement that "the population of your Hindustan (India) is 1 billion, while we Muslims are 250 million." He added that Muslims of India would need only 15 minutes without the police to show the Hindus of India who is more powerful - the Hindustan of 1 billion or the 250 million Muslims". We can kill more Hindus then those who were killed in the last 1000 years. The crowd responded to this statement by shouting slogans of "Allah-Hu-Akbar" and the leaders present at the meeting supported Owaisi. Owaisi called the Hindus as "impotent" and the Indian police as the "impotent army". He said that not even one crore impotent men can together father one child. He said that these people (Hindus) cannot face the Muslims, and whenever the Muslims start dominating the Hindus, the impotent army (police) intervenes.

4. Owaisi compared the state of Muslims of India to the state of Muslims of the world and blamed India and America for the same. Owaisi said that the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the Vishva Hindu Parishad, and the Bharatiya Janata Party were poisonous snakes, and to "crush their heads" a stick is enough.

5. He also said that he will not allow the Hindus to celebrate their festivals in muslim majority areas.

I don't understand the intention of this terrorist, which made him to deliver this kind of speeches... Remember Akbaruddin, you don't know the significance of either the Hinduism or the Hindus. Hinduism is the worlds oldest living religion. you don't even have the eligibility to call the names of Hindu deities or the Hindu culture.

Hindus are the peace loving people, its because of their patience for the last 1000 years, you have become a part of our country. That's why you are still living here in our country. 

What did you say? Do you think that you can kill Hindus in Hindustan? We are not even in a position to laugh at your jokes... May be you don't remember "Operation Polo" of Sardar Vallabhai Patel. 

Operation polo:

Operation polo is the  military operation made by Sardar vallabhai patel over nijam. It is Rijwa, the nijam ambassador  that is responsible for this military operation and the blood shed. Before the operation there was a meeting of Rijwa with Patel ji. 

Rijwa and Sardar's Meeting Highlights:

Rijwa: I dont't understand what is this Indian government is thinking about us. Do you think that you can clear off the Nijam rulers with your military? I am warning you, there are 1.26 crore people are living in Hyderabad. We are going to kill all those Hindus in front of you. Get ready for that, no one can even dare to touch Nijam. Hyderabad is nijam's forever, no one can rule it.

Sardar vallabhai patel ji: So you are going to kill 1.26 crores of Hindus?    

Rijwa: Yes

Sardar vallabhai patel ji: Ok, let's see what happens. Get ready to face our military and you will see what we can do...! Its time to take care of your Nijam, your property and families...

After the operation Nijam got surrendered to Sardar ji.

This will happen again to you Mr. Akbaruddin, if you provoke Hindu people.  Akbaruddin - you can try your best to instigate poor uneducated muslims- unfortunately you can do nothing. Hinduism survived the mughals and the british - guys like you, taliban etc can try their best but we are too big and strong for you. In India you spread haterd against Hindus, in Europe & Africa against the christians and in countries like Pakistan (sharia country-- allah's own country - the most miserable country in the world) Iraq, Syria you kill each other- that is Islam for you.

A true educated Indian Muslim can never be you fan. Remember that.

But one thing is clear, Hindus are themselves to be blamed for getting killed and maimed in their own country even after 1000 yrs genocide, rape and plunder by Islam... Hindus are so dumb and corrupt that they would make an Italian dancing girl as PM of the nation or else they would make her dumb illiterate cub as their PM. No doubt everywhere Hindus get beaten up... In pakistan or any Islamic country can a Hindu get away with such a speech, leave alone killing a single muslim in a Riot? No doubt India will soon become an hot bed of islam and Jihadi center!!

You can watch the complete speech of Akbaruddin here:

I am awaiting for your suggestions...

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First Medical Surgery in the world in Ancient India

The Origin of the Plastic Surgery??

Many people consider Plastic Surgery as a relatively new specialty, the origin of the plastic surgery had his roots

more than 4000 years old in India, back to the Indus River Civilization. The mythico-religious shlokas (hymns) associated with this civilization were compiled in Sanskrit language between 3000 and 1000 B.C. in the form of Vedas, the oldest sacred books of the Hindu religion. This era is referred to as the Vedic period (5000 years B.C) in Indian history during which the the four Vedas, namely the Rigveda, the Samaveda, the Yajurveda, and the Atharvaveda were compiled. All the four Vedas are in the form of shlokas (hymns), verses, incantations and rites in Sanskrit language.

‘Sushruta Samhita' is believed to be a part of Atharvaveda.

Plastic Surgery – was first performed in India around 2000 BC and then popularized in the Arab world that actually launched it to Europe. The person behind this groundbreaking medical practice in India was Sushruta. He is credited for performing the first rhinoplasty (nose-job) with a unique understanding of the circulation system.

Cataract surgery - Cataract surgery was also known to the him (Indian physician Sushruta) in 6th century BCE. In India, cataract surgery was performed with a special tool called the Jabamukhi Salaka, a curved needle used to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the field of vision. The eye would later be soaked with warm butter and then bandaged. Though this method was successful, Susruta cautioned that cataract surgery should only be performed when absolutely necessary. Greek philosophers and scientists traveled to India where these surgeries were performed by physicians. The removal of cataract by surgery was also introduced into China from India.

Stones - The earliest operation for removal of a stone is also given in the Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE). The operation involved exposure and going up through the floor of the bladder.

‘Sushruta Samhita'(Sushruta's compendium), which describes the ancient tradition of surgery in Indian medicine is considered as one of the most brilliant gems in Indian medical literature. This treatise contains detailed descriptions of teachings and practice of the great ancient surgeon 'Sushruta' which has considerable surgical knowledge of relevance even today.

Because of his seminal and numerous contributions to the science and art of surgery he is also known by the title "Father of Surgery." Much of what is known about this inventive surgeon is contained in a series of volumes he authored, which are collectively known as the Sushruta Samhita in which he describes over 300 surgical procedures and 120 surgical instruments and classifies human surgery in 8 categories. He lived, taught and practiced his art on the banks of the Ganges in the area that corresponds to the present day city of Varanasi in North India.

Medicine & Surgery : 

An artist's impression of an operation being performed in ancient India. In spite of the absence of anesthesia, complex operations were performed. The practice of surgery has been recorded in India around 800 B.C. This need not come as a surprise because surgery (Shastrakarma) is one ofthe eight branches of Ayurveda the ancient Indian system of medicine. The oldest treatise dealing with surgery is the Shushruta Samahita (Shushruta's compendium). Shusruta who lived in Kasi was one of themany Indian medical practitioners who included Atraya and Charaka. He was one of the first to study the human anatomy. In the Shusruta, Samahita he has described in detail the study of anatomy withthe aid of a dead body. Shusruta's forte was rhinoplasty (Plastic surgery)and ophthalmialogy (ejection of cataracts). Shushruta has described surgery under eight heads Chedya (excision), Lekhya (scarification),Vedhya (puncturing), Esya (exploration), Ahrya (extraction), Vsraya (evacuation) and Sivya (Suturing).

Yoga is a system of exercise for physical and mental nourishment. The origins of yoga are shrouded in antiquity and mystery. Since Vedic times, thousand of years before, the principles and practice of yoga have crystallized. But, it was only around 200 BC that all the fundamentals of yoga were collected by Patanjali in his treatise, named Yogasutra, that is, Yoga-Aphorisms.

In short, Patanjali surmised that through the practice of yoga, the energy latent within the human body may be made live and released, which has a salubrious affect on the body and the mind. Now, in modern times, clinical practices have established that several ailments, including hypertension, clinical depression, amnesia, acidity, can be controlled and managed by yogic practices. The application of yoga in physiotherapy is also gaining recognition.

Sushruta has pointed out that haemorrhage can be arrested by apposition of the cut edges with stitches, application of styptic decoctions, by cauterisation with chemicals or heat. That the progress of surgery and its development is closely associated with the great wars of the past is well known. The vrana or injury, says Sushruta, involves breakdown of body-components and may have one or more of the following seats for occurrence, viz., skin, flesh, blood-vessels, sinews, bones, joints, internal organs of chest and abdomen and vital structures. Classically vrana, the wound, is the ultimate explosion of the underlying pathological structure. It is, in Sushruta's words, the sixth stage of a continuous process, which starts with sotha (inflammation). Sushruta says that in the first stage, the ulcer is unclean and hence called a dusta-vrana. By proper management it becomes a clean wound, a suddha-vrana. Then there is an attempt at healing and is called ruhyamana-vrana and when the ulcer is completely healed, it is a rudha-vrana. Sushruta has advocated the use of wine with incense of cannabis for anaesthesia. Although the use of henbane and of Sammohini and Sanjivani are reported at a later period, Sushruta was the pioneer of anaesthesia.

Sushruta describes eight types of surgical procedures: Excision (chedana) is a procedure whereby a part or whole of the limb is cut off from the parent. Incision (bhedana) is made to achieve effective drainage or exposure of underlying structures to let the content out. Scraping (lekhana) or scooping is carried out to remove a growth or flesh of an ulcer, tartar of teeth, etc. the veins, hydrocele and ascitic fluid in the abdomen are drained by puncturing with special instrument (vyadhana). The sinuses and cavities with foreign bodies are probed (esana) for establishing their size, site, number, shape, position, situation, etc. Sravana (blood-letting) is to be carried out in skin diseases, vidradhis, localised swelling, etc. in case of accidental injuries and in intentional incisions, the lips of the wound are apposed and united by stitching (svana.)

To obtain proficiency and acquiring skill and speed in these different types of surgical manipulations, Sushruta had devised various experimental modules for trying each procedure. For example, incision and excision are to be practised on vegetables and leather bags filled with mud of different densities; scraping on hairy skin of animals; puncturing on the vein of dead animals and lotus stalks; probing on moth-eaten wood or bamboo; scarification on wooden planks smeared with beeswax, etc. On the subject of trauma, Sushruta speaks of six varieties of accidental injuries encompassing almost all parts of the body.

Sushruta also gives classification of the bones and their reaction to injuries. varieties of dislocation of joints (sandhimukta) and fractures of the shaft (kanda-bhagna) are given systematically. He classifies and gives the details of the six types of dislocations and twelve varieties of fractures. He gives the principles of fracture treatment, viz., traction, manipulation, appositions and stabilisation. Sushruta has described the entire orthopaedic surgery, including some measures of rehabilitation, in his work.

As war was a major cause of injury, the name Salya-tantra for this branch of medical learning is derived from Salya, the arrow of the enemy, which in fights used to be lodged in the body of the soldiers. He emphasises that removal of foreign bodies is fraught with certain complications if the seat of the Salya be a marma.

Sushruta also discusses certain surgical conditions of ano-rectal region, he has given all the methods of management of both haemorrhoids and fistulae. Different types of incision to remove the fistulous tract as langalaka, ardhalangalaka, sarvabhadra, candraadha (curved) and kharjurapatraka (serrated) are described for adoption according to the type of fistula.

Sushruta was well aware of the urinary stones, their varieties; the anatomy of urinary bladder along with its relations is well recorded in the chapter on urinary stones. Varieties of stones, their signs and symptoms, the method of extraction and operative complication are given in detail. Apart from the above, surgery of intestinal obstruction (baddha-gudodara), perforated intestines (chidrodara), accidental injuries to abdomen (assaya-bhinna) in which protrusion of omentum occurs are also described along with their management.

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Tanjavur vs Pisa

Indian Architecture Clearly Explained:

On the right side is the leaning tower of pisa a bell tower of the cathedral of the italian city of pisa, the construction occurred in 3 stages across 177 years ,the tower began to 

sink after the construction progressed to the 2nd floor, the design was flawed right from the beginning, foundation was weak, soil was weak, no soil test was done, the construction was stopped due to a war, this allowed time for the underlying soil to settle, otherwise the tower would've surely toppled , a piece of architecture , which people (even ) indians consider a wonder, the tower is still under going structural strengthening even today ( started on aug 8th 1173 - 1372).

On the left side is the big temple (brihadeeswarar temple ) of thanjavur ,built by one of the greatest kings of india RAJA RAJA Chola and is one of the marvels of architecture, the temple tower is 216 ft high and is among the tallest of its kind in the world,an idea to build a mammoth temple like this is said to have occurred to raja raja while he stayed in eelam (sri lanka) as emperor, the gopuram(spire) was built over 12 years on a single piece of granite weighing around 80 tons,there are no mountains around 100 kms in the surrounding range from tanjavore, which contains huge rocks, then where this stones came from? How it was been carried ? for centuries this temple has fascinated, historians, artists and travelers, for its archtectural magnificence, it has been listed by unesco heritage list of historical sites, it is considered as the expression of the tamils wealth, power and artistic expertise, but here people don't even consider it as a site to go and see, built in 1010 ad and completed its 1000 year in 2010 ,

It is a living wonder

Sometimes we forget what we have and search outside...!

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Some great people and interesting facts

Interesting Facts:

* Baudhayana gave the 'Pythagoras theorem' centuries before the Greeks in 800 BC. 

* Pingala (400 BC) invented the binary number system which is the basic of computer operations. 

* Indian astronomer, Aryabhatta was the first to have propounded the theory that the earth was a sphere in the 5th century. 

* Indian astronomer, Brahmagupta, estimated in the 7th century that the circumference of the earth was 5000 yojanas. A yojana is around 7.2 kms. Calculating on this basis we see that the estimate of 36,000 kms as the earth's circumference comes quite close to the actual circumference known today.

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TOUCHING THE FEET OF PARENTS AND ELDERS

TOUCHING THE FEET OF PARENTS AND ELDERS:

Indians touch the feet of saints, sages and their elders,parents.There are several benefits behind this convention. According to scriptures, the act of touching feet is a mark of kindness and in return the elders bless the person which reduces his/her misfortune and calms down the mind.

There are some physical, mental and ideological developments are associated with it. The person is not only benefited with the blessings but unconsciously the person reveals his/her modesty and humble nature.

- It is also a sort of exercise. There are three methods of touching the feet. The first is to lean forward and touch the feet, second way is to sit on knees and the third one is the 'Sashtaang Pranaam'.

- Leaning forward and touching the feet stretches the waist and back bone.

- The second method relieves pain of the knees as the person bend his/her knees. All the joints of the body get stretched in the third method which removes stress and cures body pain.

- Besides these, bowing down increases blood circulation which is beneficial for a good health.

- Touching the feet reduces ego as it indicates respect and subservience. When the feeling of respect and dedication arouse automatically it suppress the egoistic nature of the person.

- Touching the feet of elders and parents before venturing any new task or assignment, ensures success and confidence.

With all these benefits and advantages, the custom is being practiced whole heartedly and it indicates India's rich heritage.

Friends....SHARE it to spread the greatness of our rich culture.

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"SHIVKAR BAPUJI TALPADE" The First Inventor Of Aeroplane

"SHIVKAR BAPUJI TALPADE" The First Inventor Of AirPlane NAMED "MARUTASKHA" actually before the Wright Brothers 

The original writer of this article is K R N SWAMY who had published this article in the Deccan Herald on 16 Dec 1999. 

“The ancient Hindus could navigate the air, and not only navigate it but fight battles in it like so many war-eagles, combating for the domination of the clouds. To be so perfect in aeronautics they must have known all the arts and sciences relating to the science, including the strata and currents of the atmosphere, the relative temperature, humidity, density and specific gravity of the various gases…..” – Col. Olcott in a lecture in Allahabad in 1881. 

The Rig Veda, the oldest document of the human race includes references to the following modes of transportation: Jalayan – a vehicle designed to operate in air and water (Rig Veda 6.58.3); Kaara- Kaara- Kaara- a vehicle that operates on ground and in water. (Rig Veda 9.14.1); Tritala- Tritala- Tritala- a vehicle consisting of three stories. (Rig Veda 3.14.1); Trichakra Ratha – Trichakra Ratha – Trichakra Ratha – a three-wheeled vehicle designed to operate in the air. (Rig Veda 4.36.1); Vaayu Ratha- Vaayu Ratha- Vaayu Ratha- a gas or wind-powered chariot. (Rig Veda 5.41.6); Vidyut Ratha- Vidyut Ratha- Vidyut Ratha- a vehicle that operates on power. (Rig Veda 3.14.1). 

Ancient Sanskrit literature is full of descriptions of flying machines – Vimanas. From the many documents found it is evident that the scientist-sages Agastya and Bharadwaja had developed the lore of aircraft construction. 

The “Agastya Samhita” gives us Agastya`s descriptions of two types of aeroplanes. The first is a “chchatra” (umbrella or balloon) to be filled with hydrogen. The process of extracting hydrogen from water is described in elaborate detail and the use of electricity in achieving this is clearly stated. This was stated to be a primitive type of plane, useful only for escaping from a fort when the enemy had set fire to the jungle all around. Hence the name “Agniyana”. The second type of aircraft mentioned is somewhat on the lines of the parachute. It could be opened and shut by operating chords. This aircraft has been described as “vimanadvigunam” i.e. of a lower order than the regular aeroplane. 

Aeronautics or Vaimaanika Shastra is a part of Yantra Sarvasva of Bharadwaja. This is also known as Brihadvimaana Shastra. Vaimaanikashastra deals about aeronautics, including the design of aircraft, the way they can be used for transportation and other applications, in detail. The knowledge of aeronautics is described in Sanskrit in 100 sections, eight chapters, 500 principles and 3000 slokas. Great sage Bharadwaja explained the construction of aircraft and way to fly it in air, on land, on water and use the same aircraft like a sub-marine. He also described the construction of war planes and fighter aircraft. 

Vaimaanika Shastra explains the metals and alloys and other required material, which can be make an aircraft imperishable in any condition. Planes which will not break (abhedya), or catch fire (adaahya) and which cannot be cut (achchedya) have been described. Along with the treatise there are diagrams of three types of aeroplanes – “Sundara”, “Shukana” and “Rukma”. 

The aircraft is classified into three types- Mantrika, Tantrika and Kritaka, to suit different yugas or eras. In kritayuga, it is said, Dharma was well established. The people of that time had the devinity to reach any place using their Ashtasiddhis. The aircraft used in Tretayuga are called Mantrikavimana, flown by the power of hymns (mantras). Twenty-five varieties of aircraft including Pushpaka Vimana belong to this era. The aircraft used in Dwaparayuga were called Tantrikavimana, flown by the power of tantras. Fiftysix varieties of aircraft including Bhairava and Nandaka belong to this era. The aircraft used in Kaliyuga, the on-going yuga, are called Kritakavimana, flown by the power of engines. Twenty-five varieties of aircraft including “Sundara”, “Shukana” and “Rukma” belong to this era. 

Bharadwaja states that there are thirty-two secrets of the science of aeronautics. Of these some are astonishing and some indicate an advance even beyond our own times. For instance the secret of “para shabda graaha”, i.e. a cabin for listening to conversation in another plane, has been explained by elaborately describing an electrically worked sound-receiver that did the trick. Manufacture of different types of instruments and putting them together to form an aircraft are also described. 

It appears that aerial warfare was also not unknown, for the treatise gives the technique of “shatru vimana kampana kriya” and “shatru vimana nashana kriya” i.e. shaking and destroying enemy aircraft, as well as photographing enemy planes, rendering their occupants unconscious and making one`s own plane invisible. 

In Vastraadhikarana, the chapter describing the dress and other wear required while flying, talks in detail about the wear for both the pilot and the passenger separately. 

Ahaaraadhikarana is yet another section exclusively dealing with the food habits of a pilot. This has a variety of guidelines for pilots to keep their health through strict diet. 

Bhardwaja also provides a bibliography. He had consulted six treatises by six different authors previous to him and he gives their names and the names of their works in the following order : Vimana Chandrika by Narayanamuni; Vyoma Yana Mantrah by Shaunaka; Yantra Kalpa by Garga; Yana Bindu by Vachaspati; Kheta Yaana Pradeepika by Chaakraayani; Vyoma Yaanarka Prakasha by Dundi Natha.

As before Bharadwaja, after him too there have been Sanskrit writers on aeronautics and there were four commentaries on his work. The names of the commentators are Bodh Deva, Lalla, Narayana Shankha and Vishwambhara. 

Evidence of existence of aircrafts are also found in the Arthasastra of Kautilya (c. 3rd century B.C.). Kautilya mentions amongst various tradesmen and technocrats the Saubhikas as `pilots conducting vehicles in the sky`. Saubha was the name of the aerial flying city of King Harishchandra and the form `Saubika` means `one who flies or knows the art of flying an aerial city`. Kautilya uses another significant word `Akasa Yodhinah`, which has been translated as `persons who are trained to fight from the sky.` The existence of aerial chariots, in whatever form it might be, was so well-known that it found a place among the royal edicts of the Emperor Asoka which were executed during his reign from 256 B.C. – 237 B. C. 

It is interesting to note that the Academy of Sanskrit Research in Melkote, near Mandya, had been commissioned by the Aeronautical Research Development Board, New Delhi, to take up a one-year study, ‘Non-conventional approach to Aeronautics’, on the basis of Vaimanika Shastra. As a result of the research, a glass-like material which cannot be detected by radar has been developed by Prof Dongre, a research scholar of Benaras Hindu University. A plane coated with this unique material cannot be detected using radar. (Did You Know this? http://www.indpride.com/didyouknow.html)

But perhaps the most interesting thing, about the Indian science of aeronautics and Bharadwaja`s research in the field was that they were successfully tested in actual practice by an Indian over hundred years ago. In 1895, full eight years before the Wright Brothers` first flight at Kitty hawk, North Carolina, USA, Shivkar Bapuji Talpade and his wife gave a thrilling demonstration flight on the Chowpatty beach in Mumbai. 

An even more astonishing feature of Talpade’s aircraft was the power source he used- An Ion Engine. The theory of the Ion Engine has been credited to Robert Goddard, long recognized as the father of Liquid-fuel Rocketry. It is claimed that in 1906, long before Goddard launched his first modern rocket, his imagination had conceived the idea of an Ion rocket. But the fact is that not only had the idea of an Ion Engine been conceived long before Dr Goddard, it had also been materialized in the form of Talpade’s aircraft. 

Mr. Talpade, a resident of Mumbai, was an erudite scholar of Sanskrit literature, especially of the Vedas, an inventor and a teacher in the School of Arts. His deep study of the Vedas led him to construct an aeroplane in conformity with descriptions of aircraft available in the Vedas and he displayed it in an exhibition arranged by the Bombay Art Society in the Town Hall. Its proving the star attraction of the exhibition encouraged its maker to go deeper into the matter and see if the plane could be flown with the aid of mercurial pressure. For the one hundred and ninetieth “richa” (verse) of the Rig Veda and the aeronautical treatise of Bharadwaja mention that flying machines came into full operation when the power of the sun`s rays, mercury and another chemical called “Naksha rassa” were blended together. This energy was, it seems, stored in something like an accumulator or storage batteries. The Vedas refer to eight different engines in the plane and Bharadwaja adds that they are worked by electricity. 

He was a scholar of Sanskrit and from his young age was attracted by the Vaimanika Sastra (Aeronautical Science) expounded by the great Indian sage Maharishi Bhardwaja. One western scholar of Indology Stephen-Knapp has put in simple words or rather has tried to explain what Talpade did and succeeded!

According to Knapp, the Vaimanika Shastra describes in detail, the construction of what is called, the mercury vortex engine the forerunner of the ion engines being made today by NASA. Knapp adds that additional information on the mercury engines can be found in the ancient Vedic text called Samaranga Sutradhara. This text also devotes 230 verses, to the use of these machines in peace and war. The Indologist William Clarendon, who has written down a detailed description of the mercury vortex engine in his translation of Samaranga Sutradhara quotes thus ‘Inside the circular air frame, place the mercury-engine with its solar mercury boiler at the aircraft center. By means of the power latent in the heated mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in a most marvellous manner. Four strong mercury containers must be built into the interior structure. When these have been heated by fire through solar or other sources the vimana (aircraft) develops thunder-power through the mercury.

NASA (National Aeronau-tical and Space Administra-tion) world’s richest/ most powerful scientific organisation is trying to create an ion engine that is a device that uses a stream of high velocity electrified particles instead of a blast of hot gases like in present day modern jet engines. Surprisingly according to the bi-monthly Ancient Skies published in USA, the aircraft engines being developed for future use by NASA by some strange coincidence also uses mercury bombardment units powered by Solar cells! Interestingly, the impulse is generated in seven stages. The mercury propellant is first vapourised fed into the thruster discharge chamber ionised converted into plasma by a combination with electrons broke down electrically and then accelerated through small openings in a screen to pass out of the engine at velocities between 1200 to 3000 kilometres per minute! But so far NASA has been able to produce an experimental basis only a one pound of thrust by its scientists a power derivation virtually useless. 

Mr. Talpade carried on his research along these lines and constructed an aeroplane. In his experiments he was aided by his wife, also a deep scholar of the Vedic lore, and an architect friend. The plane combined the constructional characteristics of both “Pushpaka” and “Marut Sakha”, the sixth and eighth types of aircraft described by Bharadwaja. It was named “Marut Sakha” meaning “Friend of the Wind”.

With this plane this pioneer airman of modern India gave a demonstration flight on the Chowpatty Beach in Mumbai in the year 1895. The machine attained a height of about 1500 feet and then automatically landed safely. The flight was witnessed, among many others, by Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad, the Maharaja of Baroda and Justice Govind Ranade and was reported in “The Kesari” a leading Marathi daily newspaper. They were impressed by the feat and rewarded the talented inventor. 

According to Indian scholar Acharya, ‘Vaimanika Shastra deals about aeronautics including the design of aircraft the way they can be used for transportation and other applications in detail. The knowledge of aeronautics is described in Sanskrit in 100 sections, eight chapters, 500 principles and 3000 slokas including 32 techniques to fly an aircraft. In fact, depending on the classifications of eras or Yugas in modern Kaliyuga aircraft used are called Krithakavimana flown by the power of engines by absorbing solar energies!’ It is feared that only portions of Bharadwaja’s masterpiece Vaimanika Shas-tra survive today.

The question that comes to one’s mind is, what happened to this wonderful encyclopaedia of aeronautical knowledge accumulated by the Indian savants of yore, and why was it not used? But in those days, such knowledge was the preserve of sages, who would not allow it to be misused, just like the knowledge of atomic bombs is being used by terrorists today!

According to scholar Ratnakar Mahajan who wrote a brochure on Talpade. ‘Being a Sanskrit scholar interested in aeronautics, Talpade studied and consulted a number of Vedic treatises like Brihad Vaimanika Shastra of Maharishi Bharadwaja Vimanachandrika of Acharya Narayan Muni Viman yantra of Maharish Shownik Yantra Kalp by Maharishi Garg Muni Viman Bindu of Acharya Vachaspati and Vimana Gyanarka Prakashika of Maharishi Dhundiraj’. This gave him confidence that he can build an aircraft with mercury engines. One essential factor in the creation of these Vedic aircraft was the timing of the Suns Rays or Solar energy (as being now utilised by NASA) when they were most effective to activate the mercury ions of the engine. Happily for Talpade Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad of Baroda a great supporter of the Sciences in India, was willing to help him and Talpade went ahead with his aircraft construction with mercury engines. One day in 1895 (unfortunately the actual date is not mentioned in the Kesari newspaper of Pune which covered the event) before an curious scholarly audience headed by the famous Indian judge/ nationalist/ Mahadeva Govin-da Ranade and H H Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Talpade had the good fortune to see his un manned aircraft named as ‘Marutsakthi’ take off, fly to a height of 1500 feet and then fall down to earth.

N.B:- According to popular sources 

But this success of an Indian scientist was not liked by the Imperial rulers. Warned by the British Government the Maharaja of Baroda stopped helping Talpade. It is said that the remains of the Marutsakthi were sold to ‘foreign parties’ by the relatives of Talpade in order to salvage whatever they can out of their loans to him. Talpade’s wife died at this critical juncture and he was not in a mental frame to continue with his researches. But his efforts to make known the greatness of Vedic Shastras was recognised by Indian scholars, who gave him the title of Vidya Prakash Pra-deep.

Talpade passed away in 1916 un-honoured, in his own country.

As the world rightly honours the Wright Brothers for their achievements, we should think of Talpade, who utilised the ancient knowledge of Sanskrit texts, to fly an aircraft, eight years before his foreign counterparts.

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Significance of no:108 in Hinduism

As per Indian religion, Indian culture has a very special significance of the Number 108.

What does this number represent, and why is it so important?

1) In one minute, we breathe in approximately 15 times, in 1 hour 900 times, And in 12 hours 10800 times, and in a day 10800 x times 2. A day consists Of 24 hours, and if we set aside half the day for our day to day routines, Then one can spend 12 hours for recitation of ones’ idol. Therefore, the Maximmum number of times that one can recite a “mantra”, or perform “Jap” are 10800. If one wants to obtain 100% benefit of its jap, then performing Jap 108 times will give one the benefit of 100%. That’s why in a “Mala,” (rosary, tasbi), there are 108 beads. It is written in Vedas, that 1 Jap corresponds to 1 mala (which has 108 beads), therefore performing jap of 108 malas will Result in 100% benefit.

2) Astronomically, there are 27 constillations in our galaxy, and each one them Has 4 directions, and 27x4=108. In other words, the number 108 covers The whole galaxy.

3) According to Indian scriptures, letter 9 corresponds to Lord Brahma – the Creator of universe. Mathematically, the interesting property of 9 is

9×1 = 9

9 x 2 = 18 (8+1 = 9)

9 x 3 = 27 (7+2 = 9)

9 x 12 = 108 (1+0+8 = 9)

Harshad number: 108 is a Harshad number, which is an integer divisible by the sum of its digits (Harshad is from Sanskrit, means “great joy”)

Desires: There are said to be 108 earthly desires in mortals.

Lies: There are said to be 108 lies that humans tell.

Delusions: There are said to be 108 human delusions or forms of ignorance.

Heart Chakra: The chakras are the intersections of energy lines, and there are said to be a total of 108 energy lines converging to form the heart chakra. One of them, Sushumna leads to the crown chakra, and is said to be the path to Self-realization.

Sanskrit alphabet: There are 54 letters in the Sanskrit alphabet. Each has masculine and feminine terms, Shiva and shakti. 54 times 2 is 108.

Pranayama: If one is able to be so calm in meditation as to have only 108 breaths in a day, enlightenment will come.

Upanishads: Some say there are 108 Upanishads, texts of the wisdom of the ancient sages.

Sri Yantra:

On the Sri Yantra there are marmas where three lines intersect, and there are 54 such intersections. Each intersections has masculine and feminine, Shiva and shakti qualities. 54 times 2 equals 108. Thus, there are 108 points that define the Sri Yantra as well as the human bones.

Pentagon: The angle formed by two adjacent lines in a pentagon equals 108 degrees.

Marmas: Marmas or marmasthanas are like energy intersections called chakras, except have fewer energy lines converging to form them. There are said to be 108 marmas in the subtle body.

Time: Some say there are 108 feelings, with 36 related to the past, 36 related to the present, and 36 related to the future.

8 extra beads: In doing a practice of counting the number of repetitions of the mala, 100 are counted as completed. The remaining are said to cover errors or omissions. The 8 are also said to be an offering to God and Guru.

Chemistry: Interestingly, there are about 115 elements known on the periodic table of the elements. Most of those, around or higher than the number 100 only exist in the laboratory, and some for only a thousandths of a second. The number that naturally exist on Earth is around 100.

Astrology: There are 12 constellations, and 9 arc segments called namshas or chandrakalas. 9 times 12 equals 108. Chandra is moon, and kalas are the divisions within a whole.

River Ganga: The sacred River Ganga spans a longitude of 12 degrees (79 to 91), and a latitude of 9 degrees (22 to 31) 12 times = 108.

Planets and Houses: In astrology, there are 12 houses and 9 planets. 12 times 9 equals 108.

Goddess’ names: There are said to be 108 Indian goddess names.

Gopis of Krishna: In the Krishna tradition, there were said to be 108 gopis or maid servants of Krishna.

1, 0, and 8: Some say that 1 stands for God or higher Truth, 0 stands for emptiness or completeness in spiritual practice, and 8 stands for infinity or eternity.

Sun and Earth: The diameter of the Sun is 108 times the diameter of the Earth. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 108 times the diameter of the Sun.

Moon and Earth: The average distance of the Moon from the Earth is 108 times the diameter of the Moon.

Silver and the moon: In astrology, the metal silver is said to represent the moon. The atomic weight of silver is 108.

Numerical scale: The 1 of 108, and the 8 of 108, when added together equals 9, which is the number of the numerical scale, i.e. 1, 2, 3 … 10, etc., where 0 is not a number.

Meditations: Some say there are 108 styles of meditation.

Breath: Tantra estimates the average number of breaths per day at 21,600, of which 10,800 are solar energy, and 10,800 are lunar energy. Multiplying 108 by 100 is 10,800. Multiplying 2 x 10,800 equals 21,600.

Paths to God: Some suggest that there are 108 to God.

Smaller divisions: The number 108 is divided, such as in half, third, quarter, or twelfth, so that some malas have 54, 36, 27, or 9 beads.

Hinduism: 108 is said to refer to the number of Hindu deities. Some say that each of the deities has 108 names.

Islam: The number 108 is used in Islam to refer to God.

Jain: In the Jain religion, 108 are the combined virtues of five categories of holy ones, including 12, 8, 36, 25, and 27 virtues respectively.

Sikh: The Sikh tradition has a mala of 108 knots tied in a string of wool, rather than beads.

Buddhism: Some Buddhists carve 108 small Buddhas on a walnut for good luck. Some ring a bell 108 times to celebrate a new year. There are said to be 108 virtues to cultivate and 108 defilements to avoid.

Chinese: The Chinese Buddhists and Taoists use a 108 bead mala, which is called su-chu, and has three dividing beads, so the mala is divided into three parts of 36 each. Chinese astrology says that there are 108 sacred stars.

Stages of the soul: Said that Atman, the human soul or center goes through 108 stages on the journey.

Meru: This is a larger bead, not part of the 108. It is not tied in the sequence of the other beads. It is the guiding bead, the one that marks the beginning and end of the mala.

Dance: There are 108 forms of dance in the Indian traditions.

Praiseworthy souls: There are 108 qualities of praiseworthy soul

The first manned space flight lasted 108 minutes, and was on April 12, 1961 by Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut.

4) In Hindu religion, number 9 is very important. Keeping the importance of number 9, Rishi Vyas has created 9 Purans, 108 Maha Puran (Upnishads). Mahabharat has 18 chapters, Geeta has 18 chapters, Bhagavat has 108000 Shloks (verses).The addition of digits of number 108 is 9, and number 9 is related with Brahma, that’s why 108 is very important, and came into lot of Indian scriptures.

5) Indian Vedas treat the Sun as God, and Sun has 12 signs (Zodiac signs). In Yajurved, Sun is related with Lord Brahma (the number 9), remember - 12 x 9 = 108; therefore for Gods’ Prayer, the number 108 is very sacred.

6) According to Indian mythology, there are 4 Yugs (eons):

Satyayug – consists of 1728,000 years (1+7+2+8 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)

TretaYug consists of 1,296,000 years (1+2+9+6 = 18 = (1+8 = 9)

DwaparYug consists of 864,000 years (8+4+6) = 18 = (1+8 = 9)

Kaliyug consists of 432,000 years (4+3+2) = 9

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Ayurveda-Earliest school of medicine known to mankind

Ayurveda is the most ancient natural healing system of India. The word Ayurveda means the science of life. It is to do with healing through herbs and natural means. This system is a part of Vedic science and goes back to more than 4000 years B.C. This healing system was formulated by the ancient Hindu saint "Dhanvantary," who was a enlightened soul. Vedic sciences include yoga, meditation, astrology, and ayurveda. Thus it is a branch of the holy sciences. Ayurveda includes herbal supplements, right kind of diets, and right kind of living. Therefore the spiritual aspect is very much inherent. Ayurvedic healing became very popular and spread to other parts of the world like Tibet, Sri Lanka, Burma, and China. The Buddhist monks applied the science to their practice. Many monks were Ayurvedic doctors. As per the spiritual culture and belief of ancient Hindu scriptures, diseases arise out of two main reasons. First, because of physical and biological disorders, which is generally treated with herbs, diet correction and certain yogic exercises. Second, because of bad karmic effects, which require greater application and understanding. The treatment for these kinds of diseases may need various kinds of methods like gem therapy, mantric healing, certain prayers, diet, and inner rectification of the self. While the physical body may have a strong energy, the astral body may have dark energies, which can perplex a person.

As per Rig Veda, (Vedas are the most ancient scriptures, which deal with every aspect of creation and existence. There are four Vedas, namely- Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda and Yajur Veda.) There are three basic forces in nature. The first one is the principle of energy. The principle of life is called Prana which means life force. It is this primal force, through which the manifestation of the universe took place. Then in the external level, comes the will, the consciousness, and power of discretion and determination and the intelligence.

The second force is the principle of light energy. This creates transformation, propagation, the expansion and higher understanding. On the spiritual level, it deals with illumination of the mind, enlightenment, and higher level of consciousness and awareness.

The third force is the cohesive force, which brings all energies in union and balances the nature. The higher form is selfless love. Now these three energies have condensed into the material form of Air, fire and water. Earth and Ether are the other two energies, and the five elements put together form the entire creation and humanity. 

According to Ayurveda, the three primary life forces in the body relate to three humors of air, fire and water. These three principle elements govern the growth, and decay of the human body. Whenever any of these three go out of ratio, or balance, then diseases start to appear in the body. The air element governs inhalation, exhalation, movements, discharges, impulses and the human senses. 

The fire element deals with hunger, thirst, digestion, excretion, body warmth and circulation. It also relates to the body strength, energy, youth, intelligence and executive abilities. The water element controls the stability, lubrication, movements, body luster, digestive tract, glands and fluids of the body. On the deeper level, there are five forms of each of these three elements. These three elements of air, fire and water govern different tastes. The fire energy governs sour, pungent and salty taste. The air energy governs bitter, astringent and pungent tastes. The water energy governs sweet and partly salty tastes. 

Thus anyone with too much of water element in them should not have sweets, ones with too much air element in them should not have astringent or bitter (Like alcohol) and those with too much of fire element should avoid sour and pungent foods. Therefore each person should analyze their own body constitution and eat the right kind of food accordingly. Of course it would take an ayurvedic practitioner to tell you what is best for you. 

Ayurveda is a very deep science and it covers many other healing systems. For example, it also deals with the colours, ash of astro gemstones called Bhasma, dietetics, yoga, meditation, mantras, herbal oil massage, climatic suitability, emotional and mental balance. Thus it is not just a medicinal science, but a complete and comprehensive system for a healthy and long life. 

The most important thing about Ayurvedic healing is that the herbs are NOT MEDICINES, but nature's gift to mankind, which have medicinal properties. There are no side effects whatsoever. Live life naturally, live healthy and strong and live a lifelong!

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Bhagavatgita and Extraordinary War Technology

In the sacred Hindu scripture The Bhagavad Gita describes extraordinary technology in a war that existed between the Rama Empire and Atlantis over 10,000 years ago.

In ancient hieroglyphics from Egypt to India depicts ancient people gazing up at the sky watching other people traveling by hover crafts of some kind and transferring great distance across the Earth. Reports of seeing UFOs in the sky has never been told in such detail as in the ancient Sanskrit writings like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.

The Bhagavad Gita is a sacred Hindu scripture composed of hundreds of versus within the Mahabharata and consider being a very significant text in history of literature and philosophy. The Sanskrit describes a great civilization known as the Rama Empire dating back to 10,000 BC. Further translation of the Sanskrit text reveals a highly advanced civilization and that is surprisingly comparable to our own with modern conveniences. What makes this ancient Hindu scripture so significant and interesting is the fact that it describes not only man-made UFOs, airships, flying cities and fortresses, and perhaps even atomic warfare centuries before the creation of this kind of technology.

When modern researchers read the Bhagavad Gita ancient Indian epic it sounds very much like science fiction having the Gods mastering the land and sky with incredible flying machines and controlling awesome weapons of destruction. When the ancient Indian epic is studied more closely it reveals that the Rama Empire was locked in a war with the inhabitants of Atala also known as Aka or better known today as Atlantis.

What makes the events described in the Mahabharata and Ramayana regarding the Rama Empire war is the fact that it existed simultaneously over 10,000 years ago with the highly developed cultures of Osiris and Atlantis in the West. According to pre-dynastic Egypt records and archaeological evidence the Osirian civilization was located in North Africa and the Mediterranean basin, and many believed it was flooded when Atlantis sank into the ocean. Ancient Egyptian records allude to the existence of an Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean, along with Plato’s writings and descriptions of a great patriarchal continent culture that was extremely technologically advanced.

What is becoming clearer as researchers and theorists study and interpret the Bhagavad Gita is the incredible descriptions of advance knowledge covering enlightened consciousness, tales of wisdom, sophisticated weaponry based on atomic power, and detailed descriptions of mythological flying machines called Vimanas. The ancient Sanskrit epic even hints that the Rama Empire had successfully destroyed numerous ancient civilizations including Atlantis.

But if that’s true, where is the evidence of this? Surprisingly, there are numerous places on the earth that bear a striking resemblance to some kind of ancient atomic warfare. Could there have been a great global war that existed over 12,000 years ago? A war that obliterated all signs of their existence and culture. A war that ultimately set them back into the Stone Age to be forgotten in history except in mythical tales handed down through thousands of generations.

Mainstream scientists are just starting to realize and discover more archaeological anomalies that do not fit in the standard timeline of today regarding an advanced culture of human beings that existed somehow over 10,000 years ago and yet these mysterious almost forgotten, highly sophisticated cultures could build monolithic structures weighing hundreds of tons that we in our modern culture of today cannot replicate even with our most powerful machines.

What is interesting with regards to the events that happened in The Bhagavad Gita was the fact that it was considered simply works of fiction and fantasy. Modern day researchers and scientists have discovered that a lot of the descriptions of flying craft and weapons are very similar to the kind of technology we have today, even in some cases more advanced than our own.

For if you read the ancient Sanskrit epic centuries before today in a time without atomic weapons, modern jets, and computer technology, than the whole Sanskrit epic reads more like a fairytale. Modern scientists have eerily discovered that the advance antigravity machines described in the Bhagavad Gita are technologically correct and feasibly possible to reproduce, and could actually fly as described when the Rama Empire used their flying craft to wage war in the heavens thousands of years ago.

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Best of Bhagavathgita

The best thing from our gita...........

Time controls and subdues all embodied beings. Anyone can easily see that material bodies undergo six changes: birth, growth, maintenance, reproduction, decay, and death. Whether we like it or not, every rising and setting of the sun brings us closer to inevitable death. The rise and fall of civilizations follow the same pattern, and their Taj Mahals, Parthenons, Chateau de Versailles and pyramids stand as pathetic reminders that time and tide wait for no man.

According to the Vedic version, Brahma, the four-headed cosmic engineer of this universe, lives in a body that is subtle, because it is made primarily of intelligence, and he lives for the duration of this universe, the equivalent of 311 trillion of our years, which seem to him only one hundred of his years. From our viewpoint, 311 trillion years is an eternity, but from the point of view of Visnu, the original cause of the material creation, that’s the time it takes him to exhale one breath. When Visnu exhales all the universes come out of the pores of his skin in seed like forms, then they develop, and when he inhales, all the universes merge within Him.

The purpose of the cosmic creation is to accommodate those souls wishing to assume Krishna’s position as the Supreme Enjoyer and Proprietor. Since the constitutional position of everyone is subordination to God, it is impossible to compete with Him. So Krishna makes the impossible a possibility, by creating a temporary illusion called the material world, where we may forget Him and enjoy being illusory controllers for some time.

“time I am, the great destroyer of the worlds,” the Lord declares in Bhagavad-gita (11.32). Under the influence of eternal time the cosmic manifestation is created, maintained, and annihilated at regular intervals.

Time passes differently according to one’s situation in the cosmos. Brahma lives for one hundred years, but for us his one hundred years seem like trillions. His twelve hours consist of one thousand cycles of four ages (yugas): Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. A single cycle of Kali, the shortest yuga, corresponds to 4,320,000 solar years.

Time passes differently according to one’s situation in the cosmos. Brahma lives for one hundred years, but for us his one hundred years seem like trillions. His twelve hours consist of one thousand cycles of four ages (yugas): Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. A single cycle of Kali, the shortest yuga, corresponds to 4,320,000 solar years.

The four ages are fully under the corrupting influence of time. Whereas Satya-yuga is marked by virtue, wisdom, and religion, these qualities deteriorate with the passing of time, and when Kali-yuga rolls around, we experience mostly strife, vice, ignorance, and irreligion, true virtue being practically nonexistent.

To correct the imbalance created by the degrading influence of time, the Lord advents Himself “millennium after millennium.” He first spoke Bhagavad-gita to Vivasvan, the sun-god, millions of years ago. “I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvan, and Vivasvan instructed it ti Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Iksvaku.” This is confirmed in the Mahabharata: “In the beginning of the millennium known as Treta-yuga this science of the relationship with the Supreme was delivered by Vivasvan to Manu. Manu, being the father of mankind, gave it to his son Maharaja Iksvaku, the king of this earth planet and forefather of the Raghu dynasty, in which Lord Ramacandra appeared. “ Bhagavad-gita has therefore existed in human society from the time if Maharaja Iksvaku.

Speaking to Arjuna, Lord Krishna further said, “This supreme science was thus received through the chain of disciplic succession, and the saintly kings understood it in that way. But in course of time the succession was broken, and therefore the science as it is appears to be lost.” The Lord then explained that same science again to Arjuna five thousand years ago, and it has been brought to us through an unbroken chain of self-realized spiritual masters, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the Founder-Acarya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness.

When Krishna said He had spoken millions of years ago to Vivasvan, Arjuna raised a doubt: How could Krishna have done this? Lord Krishna replied: “Many, many births both you and I have passed. I can remember all of them, but you cannot.” Krishna remembered acts He had performed millions of years before, but Arjuna could not remember anything, despite the fact that both Krishna and Arjuna are eternal. This is so because whenever the Lord appears He appears in His original transcendental form, which never deteriorates. Any ordinary person, however, transmigrates from one body to another. And from one life to the next, one forgets his former identity. But Krishna, the very principle of subduing time, is never under the control of time, and thus He remembers everything at all times. “O Arjuna, as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, I know everything that has happened in the past, all that is happening in the present, and all things that are yet to come. I also know all living entities; but Me no one knows. “

The Srimad Bhagavatam compares time to the deadly sharp blade of a Razor. Because time imperceptibly devours the duration of life of everyone, one must carefully use one’s life properly. Since time represents Krishna, using time to search for the Absolute Truth is the best practical use of time. The Narada Pancaratra advises: “By concentrating one’s attention on the transcendental form of Krishna, who is all- pervading and beyond time and space, one becomes absorbed in thinking of Krishna and then attains the happy state of transcendental association with Him.”

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